In this paper, an attempt has been made to measure the impact and recovery of Global Financial Crises on Indian economy in general and on the Indian Stock Market in particular. Additionally, this study intends to discuss the role of RBI in the present context. This paper employs the data from April 2001 to March 2013 to investigate the impact on Indian stock market and the integration of Indian stock market and US stock market. The result suggests that the Indian Stock market was affected by the Global financial crunches and also shows that the recovery from the slowdown during the global financial crisis is well underway.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of faculty members of secondary level teacher training programme in India (Mysore) and Iran (Tehran).A survey-based descriptive research design was used. The study was carried on faculty members working in teacher training colleges in Tehran and education colleges in Mysore University. About 285 survey questionnaires were distributed in Tehran in 2011.Multiple follow ups yielded 245 statistically usable questionnaires. And also About 165 survey questionnaires were distributed in Mysore. Multiple follow ups yielded 134 statistically usable questionnaires. Correlation coefficient was used to confirming the research hypothesis. Test statistics revealed that in overall job satisfaction and organizational commitment are significantly and positively related. In case of Mysore sample, when correlation coefficients were calculated for teachers it was found that job satisfaction was significantly and positively correlated with organizational commitment. In the case of Iranian teachers it was also found that job satisfaction was significantly and positively correlated with organizational commitment. Standard measures were used to measure organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Since respondents were from education colleges in Mysore University and teacher training colleges in Tehran only so the findings cannot be generalized to faculty members of secondary level teacher training programme in both countries.

This study aims to measure the customer satisfaction and behavioral intention towards the mobile phone network service providers. Measurement of customer satisfaction level of the customers is the direct result obtained from the customer after availing the service by the consumer. This study helps the service provider to assess the performance of their marketing strategy and to understand in a better way the relationship between the customer's satiusfaction and Behavioral intention. This survey was done in Tirunelveli District from 200 respondents. A well structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data from the respondents. The data was processed using computer aided tools such as SPSS frequency tables. The tools used to analyze were data Chi-square, multiple correspondence analysis and descriptive statistics. In this study the researcher has analyzed the opinion of the customers over the attributes offered to them and the customer's motive after consuming the service.

The incidence of fusarium from different storage period was studied on PDA and 14 Fusarium species were isolated. The incidence of F. roseum, F. dimerum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti and F. nivale was observed to be maximum at 12 months of storage period. The bio-deterioration of soybean JS80 variety was studied with respect to protein , fat and dry weight change. The degradation of protein was found to be maximum in presence of F. roseum and the maximum degradation of fat is observed. The maximum loss in dry weight is observed in case of F. nivale.

sansadiya padhathi..............

The purpose of Information Technology is to facilitate the exchange and management of information or data and has a lot of potentials for the information processing and component of the construction industry. The buyers and sellers gathering in virtual market-place and revolutionizing the way business is conducted particularly in areas of trading systems, retail merchandising and brokerages. Global networking, computers and people who use them are completely transforming the global economy. This research is based on secondary data. The scope of the present study is restricted to analyses growth and development of Information Technology with Internet Applicability in India. The study further restricted to analysis the growth of internet users during 2000 to 2010. The secondary data has been collected from internet and various books. Information technology can provide improved speed, centrality, and cost savings, thus the business should focus the bulk of their efforts on building electronic technology enhancements that benefit both parties over the long term period.

India has one of the highest levels of malnutrition in the world and there are reports of hunger and starvation deaths from different parts of the country.Food are one of the basic human needs and it is indispensable for survival of life. Food Security describes a situation in which people don't live in hunger or fear of starvation. Worldwide around 852 million men, women and children are chronically hunger due to extreme poverty; while up to 2 billion people lack Food Security intermittently due to varying degree of poverty. There is little consideration has been taken toward household Food Security, the present study has been attempted to identify the Food Security at household level in selected villages of Aligarh District.Inspite of an agriculturally developed area, Aligarh has about 40 per cent of Food Insecure households are food insecure, 53.12 per cent are Food secure and remaining 8 per cent of the sampled households are suffering from severe hunger. Not only single indicator but all the indicators i.e. food availability, food accessability,food stability and food utilization together create Food Security in sampled households of selected villages.

The present investigation was intended to find out the differences between married and unmarried students in different components of values and adjustment. The investigation also aims at finding out the correlations among the component variables mentioned above. The study was done on 70 students, out of which 35 were married and 35 unmarried and was selected using stratified sampling method. 'General Adjustment Inventory' and 'Study of Values' were given to assess the variables. Statistical techniques like Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Method and t-test were used. Pearson Product-Moment correlation results of the study indicated marked relationship between a few of the sub-variables of values and adjustment. The t-test results revealed that there was no significant difference between married and unmarried students in values and adjustment. Most of the correlations obtained among the variables under study were found to be significant.

In This paper we describe the rural poverty in India. Due to over population we faces many difficulties. To reduce rural poverty Indian Government introduces many rural development programme time to time in India. Poverty has degraded human lives. Poverty is as old as mankind, but one of the Great achievements of the 21th century is its brilliant reduction

In the past, women were virtually invisible in the literature of crime Female Criminality and Victimity have been the least studied and much misunderstood aspects of criminology and Victimlogy. It is because criminology and victimlogy are male dominated disciplines and there is little support for research on female criminality and victimity. Both criminology and victimology have paid comparatively little attention to women as offender and victims of crime. Viewed in the context of development and social change, the concept of female criminality and victimity is a recent phenomenon both in developed and Third World countries including India. Female criminality and victimity is a product of varied socio-economic-cultural and environmental factors resulting out of rapid industrialization, westernization and urbanization. Currently because of its increasing rate, it has drawn the attention of psychologists, sociologists and criminologists and victimologists both at the International and national scene. Not only it has given a strong blow to our social and cultural heritage but also affected the social structure of Indian society. Against this background, the present paper focuses attention on various causes of female criminality and victimity in India and its consequences upon our society. With the help of various theoretical models the authors have analysed the various factors which make women crime and crime against women prone. Finally, some significant and relevant suggestions have been provided to prevent and control the increasing trend.

The fundamentals of CSR rest on the fact that not only public policy but even corporates should be responsible enough to address social issues. There are many areas where companies have played a key role in addressing issues of education, health, environment and livelihoods through their statements of corporate social responsibility throughout the country. The evolution of corporate social responsibility in India refers to changes over time in India of the cultural norms of corporations' engagement of corporate social responsibility (CSR), with CSR referring to way that businesses are managed to bring about an overall positive impact on the communities, cultures, societies and environments in which they operate. Thus companies should deal with the challenges and issues looked after to a certain extent by the states. The paper attempts to explore Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices particularly in the context of India. It evaluates impacts of CSR actions on the socio-economic development of people. For the purpose, both public and private Indian companies/firms have been selected to study their CSR practices. The methodology of the present study relied on the web-based research and review of print literature. The paper concludes that social responsibility is regarded as an important business issue of Indian companies irrespective of size, sector, and business goal. Therefore, CSR actions have positive impacts not only on development of Indian community but also in their business.

Nine and thirteen fungi were isolated from blotter and agar plate method respectively from test oil seeds like Groundnut, Mustard, Safflower, Sesame and Sunflower. The association of Aspergillus niger and Fusarium dimerum is found maximum in ground nut and mustard respectively from blotter plate method and the maximum incidence of Aspergillus niger is observed in mustard, ground nut and sunflower from agar plate method. The effect of different carbohydrate sources on production of protease and lipase was studied. The four carbohydrate sources were tested with five fungi which were isolated from different oil seeds. The activity of protease enzyme is observed maximum in presence of sucrose by Aspergillus niger and Fusarium dimerum. Curvularia lunata and Fusarium dimerum had the maximum activity in presence of xylose. The maximum lipase production was found in Curvularia lunata and Fusarium oxysporum in presence of maltose and Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ustus in presence of sucrose.

Peace: Avoiding the Way of Negation “Peace” is a word that is uttered almost as frequently as “truth,” “beauty,” and “love.” It may be just as elusive to define as these other virtues. Common synonyms for peace include “amity,” “friendship,” “harmony,” “concord,” “tranquility,” “repose,” “quiescence,” “truce,” “pacification,” and “neutrality.” Likewise, the peacemaker is the pacifier, mediator, intermediary, and intercessor.

Monocrotophos (MCP), an organophosphorus insecticide, is widely used to control insects on crops. Being readily water soluble and highly toxic, its removal from contaminated soil and water becomes inevitable. For the evaluation of biomineralization of monocrotophos, a bacterial strain, Pseudomonas stutzeri MTCC 2300 which is capable of degrading monocrotophos, was obtained from MTCC. The ability of the strain to mineralize monocrotophos was investigated under different culture conditions. The strain was able to degrade MCP to the extent of 96%, from the medium containing MCP at the concentration of 500mg/l-1, within 6 days at 30°C. The culture degrades MCP to carbon dioxide, ammonia and phosphates were determined. In the present study, the results revealed that, the microbial strain, Pseudomonas stutzeri MTCC 2300 could be used for the bioremediation of waste water and pesticide contaminated soil.

Bramcharyashram..................

Reddy is a community living in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The reddys living in Karnataka are formed as Lingayats and devotees of Shiva, especially Srishail Mallikarjun and Hemareddy Mallamma. Hemareddy Mallamma was a dedicated devotee called Shivasharane in 15th century. Even though there are 18 subdivisions in Reddy community, the people of four to five sub-divisions of Reddy community are living in Karnataka. Majority of the Reddy people belonged to Lingayat reddy or Hemareddy. The social culture and rituals of Hemareddy community are almost similar to that of the Lingayats in Karnataka.

How wise our ancestors were to identify Those all pervading elements five, Soil, Water, Fire, Air and Space Towards which now the rich nations race. Mother East, womb of all life, predominates Followed by Water sustain all that germinates. All through my care II handles Water Only to find I could not master. On the lap of mother you were air borne To rush Sanjeevi to save one renown, Now man has learnt to fly with ease Can he stand the Wind Power let loose! So it is with Water too, Controlled, harnessed showers benefits true; Water Shakti is too tough to harness So, we bow down to Thee for guidance. Desperate though confident Karikala was When Cauvery suddenly changed is course. Paying obeisance to Thee we are told He plunged into action too bold. You Blessed him build this Anicut Grand Across mighty Cauvery gushing water and sand, And stood here to protect it all the time Infusing confidence in us to maintain it for a while.

Discrimination is a word which comes or exists in all spheres of existing social institution globally. Let us highlight a few: ? Racial Discrimination ? Age discrimination ? Status –quo Discrimination ? Discrimination of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender ? Caste- Class Discrimination ? Gender discrimination etc…… INTRODUCTION: The topic debated the most from the The United Nations Children Fund {UNICEF}, to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization {UNESCO} and International Labour Organization {ILO} is Gender Discrimination. Gender Discrimination/ Sexism is a reality faced by a women all over the world irrespective of Class, Creed or Culture

In MANETs (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks), there is nothing like central infrastructure to monitor or manage the resources used by the mobile nodes. MANET poses various kinds of security problems, caused by their nature of collaborative and open systems and by limited availability of resources. The absence of any central coordinator makes the routing a complex one compared to traditional networks. The AODV (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) routing protocol is designed for ad hoc mobile nodes. AODV uses an on demand approach for finding the paths. In this work I have take a look at AODV in detail, study and analyses various attacks that can be possible on it. Then I study some proposed mechanisms for securing AODV routing protocol. My proposed work is to the secure AODV protocol with Double Signature mechanism which includes Secure Hash algorithm aimed at improving normal AODV performance. In my work I am going to propose an extension to the secure AODV protocol which includes secure hash algorithm aimed at further improving its security with network performance. I will analyze how my proposed secure encryption algorithm can help in further improvement of security and performance in AODV and also I will compare its performance with existing secure mechanisms using simulation in Network Simulator 2.

Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of Indian economyintroduction – constitution- organization- area of operation – membership - general body- board meetings (bye – law 95 (1))- deposits - borrowings from government - application for loan - recovery of loans - conclusion

Women constitute about one-half of the population of world, but they have been placed at various disadvantageous positions due to gender difference and bias. A few steps towards uplifting of women were initiated during British rule, after independence, Indian constitution was adopted with cherished the ideal of a fair and just society and it enshrined the doctrine of equality in Part III, IV of the Constitution, which not only prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex but also provides for affirmative action for them. Of course, before the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005(PWDVA), there enacted various pro-women laws in India but they have no direct expression of domestic violence. Even the criminal law amendments of 1983, 1986 and 2005 added some indirect substantial provisions against domestic violence. The PWDVA is an umbrella legislation which specifically includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse, or economic abuse within the ambit of domestic violence. It provides the protection to the victim of domestic violence within her matrimonial home.

The study of mathematics can satisfy a wide range of interests, power, abilities and skill. It develops the imagination power and skill. Performance of the individual it trains in clear and logical thought, It is a challenge, with varieties of difficult ideas and unsolved problems, because it deals with the questions arising from complicated drive for simplification to find the right concepts and methods to make difficult things easy to explaining why a situation must be as it is. In so doing, it develops a range of language and insights, which may then be applied to make a critical contribution to our understanding and appreciation of the world, and our ability to find and make our way in it.

Information security is an incr easingly important problem in the present era of advanced technology , because of which encryption is becoming very important to ensure security . Popular application of multimedia technology and incr easing transmission ability of network gradually leads us to acquire information directly and clearly thr ough Images. The digital images, which ar e transmitted over the internet, must be protected fr om unauthorized access during storage and transmission for communication, copyright protection and authentication purposes. This can be accomplished using image encryption which is an intelligent hiding of information. Encryption is the process of converting an image fr om readable form to unreadable form. In this paper , I have encrypted an image at thr ee stages for incr easing the entropy and to decrease the correlation between the pixels using block based transformation.Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is sensitive to initial conditions to resist the brute-force attack.

The study is an analysis of electronic messages transmitted by international native and nonnative buyers and sellers of different products. The aim is to identify the salutations and signing off formulas, the underlying contextual factors behind the use of these formulas, and how these factors influence the people's choices. The study also sheds light on the differences and similarities between native and nonnative speakers in the use of such formulas. It is expected that 1) the purpose of communication, the topic, the medium, and social distance play part in the way greetings and closings are formed, and 2) nonnative speakers show more concern about the conventional standards of commercial letters than the native speakers.

The aim of the Present study is to compare the emotional intelligence among Marathi and English Medium Students by employing a sample of 112 subject in which 56 subjects were Marathi Medium, 56 were English Medium 16 to 18 years located From Aurangabad City. The Emotional Intelligence scale was employed. This scale was constructed and standardized by Anukool Hyde, Sanjyot Pethe and Upinder Dhar. A 2x2 factorial design was used to analyzing the date. It was found that the no significant different between Marathi medium and English medium students on Emotional Intelligence and Female students have Emotional Intelligence than male students in both medium.

Aim: The main purpose of the in attendance study seeks to examine how selected journals have been made to assist international commercial arbitration and whether the journals have been supportive in making the legal research effective in this area. Research problem: Legal researches in international commercial arbitration have not received as much attention as it deserves. The field of ICA, there is a good number of international and regional journals published by academic, professional bodies and commercial organization but a few of them deals with a specific this subject in depth and finding of valuable information is potentially problematic, since the universe of ICA journals or practitioners are not easily identified. Methodology: The used method in this study is descriptive which carried out on the eleven highest qualification source of information in international commercial arbitration. This legal overview is based on the most recent commentary, research articles and court decisions reported and referenced in selected international and regional journals.

The Learning Management System (LMS) provides a robust set of tools that can be used to supplement and enhance your online learning experience. It is a Web-based system for training programs and information sharing between individuals giving them the flexibility to access it from their workplace or home. These Systems are being extensively used in schools, colleges, universities and of course organizations. These include Computer-Based Training or CBTs, Web-based Training or WBTs,.

jagatikikarnacha far mothya pramanavar prabhav.....

Increase in the coverage of education to ensure that all children go to school has been addressed by government and private agencies. The concept of a public-private partnership (PPP) recognizes the existence of alternative options for providing education services besides public finance and public delivery. Governments around the world are exploring different ways to involve the private sector in providing education. PPPs involve the public and private sectors working together to achieve important educational, social and economic objectives. They represent a move away from the traditional model of government procurement for the delivery of public services. Recent years have seen an expansion and broadening of the private sector's role in the financing and provision of education services in many countries. A key trend has been the emergence of more sophisticated forms of private involvement in education through public private partnerships. Hence public private partnership is contractual relationship between the Government and the Private Sector for a specific project for which the responsibility of providing public service like education rests with the Government but the infrastructure provision or service delivery is entrusted to private sector. The paper disseminates knowledge about the role of PPPs in the field of education and ends up by giving succinct recommendations to improve public private partnership

Providing Quality Education for All children in inclusive setting has been identified as the most challenging, yet the most important issue in education across the world Inclusive Education is the practice of educating students with disabilities alongside children without disabilities in general classrooms. Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009 attempts to provide an enabling environment for all disabled children to enter school, attend and complete elementary education on par with other children. Successful and effective implementation of Inclusive Education depends upon teachers' knowledge and positive attitudes towards it. The main aim of this study was to find out the attitudes of elementary school teachers towards Inclusive Education. The Attitude Towards Inclusive Education Scale (ATIES) was administered to 78 teachers working in elementary schools in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. It was found that elementary school teachers had a positive attitude towards Inclusive Education. Significant differences were found in the scores of attitude towards Inclusive Education with respect to gender, locality ,age, educational qualification and teaching experience etc.

The present study was aimed to know the difference in learning of concept of physical science of upper primary school students. Hypothesis of no difference in the learning of concept of physical science of upper primary school students was formulated for the study purpose. This study was conducted through survey method of research. Population of the study includes all the upper primary school students of eirth class of farukhabad district of uttar pradesh. The sample of the study consists of upper primary school students of eirth class of farukhabad district of uttar pradesh. Sample of this study includes 180 upper primary school students of eirth class of farukhabad district of uttar pradesh were selected for study by random techniques of sampling. The obtained data were analyzed with the help of the normal statistical techniques such as frequency distribution and percentage. The obtained results have been presented in table. This study revealed that the difference was found in learning of concept of physical science of upper primary school students of eirth class of farukhabad district of uttar pradesh.

This article was prepared based on the data collected for Major Research Projects sanctioned by the University Grants Commission, New Delhi. The author greatly acknowledges the UGC for its funding to carryout out the projects. This study aims to assess the socio - economic and political background of the scheduled caste and scheduled tribe women village panchayat presidents in Tamil Nadu. Their knowledge about the roles and responsibilities of the village panchayat presidents, support received from various sections of the society, caste and gender discriminations and their level of performance have also been brought out. The participants were elected women panchayat presidents belong to scheduled caste and (n = 114) and scheduled tribes (n = 53) in Tamil Nadu. A self prepared interview scheduled was used for data collection. Result shows that that the middle age group and married women hailing from nuclear families found majority in both scheduled caste and scheduled tribe communities. Most of them were school dropouts and their level of education was ranging from primary school to middle school level engaged in agriculture and as agriculture labourers. The level of support enjoyed by both the categories stands parallel to each other. The level of caste discriminations was found higher among the scheduled tribes and the experiences of gender discriminations undergone by both the categories are one and the same. Finally performance levels of scheduled caste women panchayat presidents are more satisfactory when compared to that of the scheduled tribe women panchayats presidents

Micro finance is emerging as a powerful tool to make the target group as selfsufficient. Women empowerment, self reliance and sustainability are the widely discussed topic all over the world. The SHG micro credit programme has been successful not only in meeting financial needs of the marginalized women but also in strengthening the collective self help capacities of the poor, leading towards selfdependency and economic empowerment. It has been acknowledged in enumerable studies that the economic empowerment of women has a significant positive impact on the poverty alleviation and sustainable economic growth in the country. Therefore the Government of India has implemented various schemes for poverty alleviation, empowerment of poor women folk, creation of self-employment opportunities and promotion of small scale industries. In fact this showed the way to SHGs formation, mobilization and organization in India. The scheme of micro financing through Self Help Groups (SHGs) has transferred the real economic power in the hands of women and has considerably reduced their dependence on men. This has enhanced empowerment of women, promoted gender equality, built self-confidence and created self-employment opportunities. A sample study has been carried out to capture the realistic experiences and observations from the beneficiaries of SHG (under NGOs) of Kanyakumari District and particularly from 9 blocks and 4 municipalities.

Tamil Nadu, having fascinated tourists for decades, it has some thing new to offer every year. The Department of Tourism, Tamil Nadu and Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation have been making every effort to promote tourism in Tamil Nadu through the festivals. Festivals provide an opportunity for the fulfillment of such customs. The festivals and the festive moods of Tamil Nadu are one of the main reasons for the constant inflow of tourists.

Women constitute almost half of the total population of India; play a vital role in socio-economic functioning of society. Since the inception of the human civilization women have been an integral part of nature, society and culture. Half of the world's population (known as better half) is women, but better half are great suffers in men dominated society under men made laws. For countless centuries women in India has been subordinated to men and socially oppressed. It is ironical that in a country where womanhood has been put on pedestal for worship, incidence of wife battering, molestation of women in various forms like rape, eve- teasing, abduction and bride burning among keep on increasing year to year. An attempt has been made in this paper to analyze the cases of violence against women in Jammu City of Jammu and Kashmir State of India, its consequences, some important preventive measures for the eradication of violence against women and for strengthening the position of women in the study area.

Even in the rapidly growing economies of East and South-East Asia, the social foundation of the urban miracle and the rural transformation were far less durable than initially expected. This weakness became more apparent with the onset of the economic crisis in 1997. During the high growth period, the reduction of absolute poverty and increased levels of social development (education, health, family planning and social mobility) were notable. The rapid expansion of the urban middle class was another achievement. These changes occurred across the region, despite the decline in public investment funds for social development. The onset of the economic crisis, however, triggered job loss, an increase in school dropouts among low-income and poor families, and cuts in basic health care and social services. Some attributed this to the fact that neither had the social development pattern been broad based during the high growth days, nor had the distribution of the social cost been widely shared during the crisis.

BHUGOLESHASTRA HE EK.........

The present study was undertaken to investigate personality need dimension among individual and team game players. Sample of the study 220 players. The purpose of the study was to find out the personality need dimension among individual and team game players. Hypothesis of the study are 1. There will be significantly difference between individual and team game players dimension of personality. Dr C Prakash Shrama Personality Need Inventory (PNI) were used the study. Besides these, a PDS was used to get the other necessary information relating to the respondents. It was conclusion that 1. Team game players have significantly high achievement than the individual game players. 2. Team game players have significantly high affiliation than the individual game players. 3. Team game players have significantly better change than the individual game players. 4. Team game players have significantly high order than the individual game players.

Sex is an easily identifiable characteristic of an individual. Sex composition is one of the most significant aspects of population. Trewartha (1953) remarked that the proportion of the two sexes is fundamental to the geographic analysis of an area. Sex composition of the population refers to the balance between male and female in any population. The sex ratio of the total population in India is defined as the number of females per 1000 males. It also focuses on the status of women in the society. Franklin (1956) denotes that sex ratio was an index of economy prevailing in an area and was useful tool for regional analysis

Global Recession and Organization The global recession sparked by the sub prime crisis in the USA in mid 2007 engulfed complete world economy with varying degrees of recessional impact which was evident world over from falling stock markets, downturn in jobs, cutting down of perks and salary corrections.

विषयातील पायाभूत घटकांचे .......

The development is the inherent process. The pace of development varies depending upon the response of the community. In some cases the development is rapid and fast while in some cases it is gradual. Naturally such communities need financial assistance from funding agency to gear up their development process.To get the funds from any funding agency it is essential toanalyze the present situation. This process is known as social assessment. Thus assessment is a process to know where we are and what is the condition before implementing the project and what will be after implementing the project. Therefore the social assessment is an essential aspectto receive the financial help from fundingagency. The social assessment helps to analyze social issues and solicit stakeholder views for the design of developmental projects.Social assessment findings are appraised as an integral part of proposed project.It also helps to analysis of social conditions of the community who are supposed to receive the funds from funding agency and suggests how project implementation will make the changes on social life by identifying the opportunities, constraints and social risks inherent in the developmental project and to put these ideas into design and implementation.

Trends of globalization and financial crisis demand scientific reconsideration of achievements of world and national systems, definition of objectives and development prospects. This is an article about international relationships and how to manage emerging confrontation well. Fortunately, the chain of confrontations – from misunderstanding to military face-off – is not an uncontrolled chain reaction. Historic trends demonstrate that the number of intermediate links in this chain keeps growing. The author of this paper suggests to analyze all links of the confrontation' chain consisted of: misunderstanding – dispute – contradiction – face-off – conflict – warfare. The author advocates the “evolutionary socio-economic theory” and advances arguments that systematic and timely identification current situation in confrontation, record and analysis of particular causes, gives additional opportunity (chance) for the harmonization of international relations.

This paper deals with the casual relation between the perceived concept by those dwelling around the inter-oceanic highway and the possible impacts in the Amazon environment. The entire road has been considered as from ports in the south-east of Brazil, on the Atlantic cost to those in Peru, on the Pacific cost. The Study was aimed at the social-economic, environmental and cultural pressures in the region from places like Port Velho, Rondonia state capital and Rio Branco, Acre state capital, as far down to the borders with Bolivia and Peru on the Pacific cost. The question to be answer is: What is the concept of social-environmental management of those interested in the inter-oceanic highway? In order to answer this question, we turn to the Contingency

Domestic violence is common in India and cuts across barriers of class, caste and religion. Women in India face discrimination at every stage of life. In the first stage, a female foetus is often aborted and the girl child is not allowed to see the light of day. The second is female infanticide immediately after birth.

Honour killingis an age old social evil that has become a wide-spread phenomenon that got attention of public, media, and various agencies over the world in last two decades. Honour killing is a practice that has also put certain women “at personal risk from Patriarchal, cultural and religious belief systems of 'honour and shame'”.1 The term honour killing is defined as the “premeditated murder of women by one or more male members of the immediate or extended family”. The driving force behind honour killings is family honour; effectively, in certain cultures, violence committed against a woman is justified on the condition that the woman has brought dishonour to her family. These killings are qualitatively different from other kinds of murders. In a strong patriarchal society the word honour is not measured with the worthiness of a man, but rather the honour lies in the women under the control of a man. Such a moral code defines honour in terms of women's assigned sexual and familial roles as dictated by traditional family ideologies.

This paper presents an application of BAT algorithm for multi-objective optimization problem in power system. Considering the environmental impacts that grow from the emissions produced by fossil-fuelled power plant, the economic dispatch that minimizes only the total fuel cost can no longer be considered as single objective. Application of BAT algorithm in this paper is based on mathematical modelling to solve economic, emission and combined economic and emissions dispatch problems by a single equivalent objective function. BAT algorithm has been applied to two realistic systems at different load condition. Results obtained with proposed method are compared with other techniques presented in literature. BAT algorithm is easy to implement and much superior to other algorithms in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

There is no doubt that the regulatory, promotional and participative roles of the government have assumed significant place for the economic development of the country. The PEs have been used by the government as a tool or instrument to perform these roles. To what extent these PEs have helped the government in these roles is a debatable issue. The main issue which we are going to examine in the present day context is whether there has been any change in the Directive Principles of State Policy and sanction of five times passed Industrial Policy Resolution (IPR) in parliament in 1948, 1956, 1977, 1980, 1985? No, we still have an expanding role for the PEs in India.

Bassketball and volleyball female players of Lucknow university. Method: for the purpose of the study, 40 female players (20 selected from basketball and 20 selected from Volleyball players) were randomly selected from Lucknow University as the subject of the study. The variable selected for the purpose of this study was. Sports aggression inventory. Sport aggression inventory was assessed by the total scores in sport aggression inventory questionnaire constructed and standardized by Prof. Anand Kumar Srivastava & Prem Shankar Shukla. With the help of the questionnaire related to Sport Aggression Inventory as a Psychological variable necessary data were collected. Data were collected with regard to sports aggression variable from 40 Female players in Lucknow university held at Lucknow. The data was analyzed by applying Descriptive Statistic i.e. mean, standard Deviation and independent Sample t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Result: The findings of the study related that insignificant different between basketball and volleyball players Lucknow university, in sports aggression at .05 level of significance. Conclusions: On the basis of the findings of the study, the following conclusion are drawn : (1)In signification different was found between basketball and volleyball Female players in relation to sports aggression. (2)Basketball players have high sports aggression in comparison to volleyball players because due to the aggressive and contractual nature of game it is more prominent in basketball players in comparison to volleyball players.

Modern digital communication system requires frequency synthesizers with fine frequency resolution, fast channel switching speed, large bandwidth, ease of implementation, flexible. With compare to analog synthesizers, Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) is ideally suited for these demanding applications. In this paper we improve Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of DDS with the help of dithering technique. First we measurement SFDR of the model without dither and then we add dither bits and measurement SFDR for that model. In the propose model the we add pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) for dithering. Thus we improve SFDR with a spurious response comparable to that of recent techniques

Employment is part and parcel of our life. Government has launched a lot of schemes for the employment generation and rural poverty eradication in India. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is also such a historic unique legislation reiterating government commitment towards livelihood security of the people in ruralareas. Recently it is a largest scheme of the world to provide social protection to rural masses. This scheme is an attempt to eradicate rural poverty and fight against unemployment. It is a largest programme of government of India which is helpful in the financial inclusion of the people. MGNREGA, however in a short period has extended in whole country and doing a lot for the rural development. Still it is facing a number of challenges such as low awareness among beneficiaries, low wages, corruption and inconsistency in maintenance of muster

Bhartiya loktantra vishwa ka...............

In this Article the probable effects of climate change on glaciers in West-Dena protected area during the past periods has been studied. West-Dena protected area is located in North-East Kohkilouyeh and Boyr Ahmad province and a long zagroos mountain chain. Dena the highest mountain of Zagroos mountain chain includes a vast part of fauna and flora in this geographical limitation and has always been regarded as one of the richest diversity zones in the country. This survey has studied the changes of snow coverage in Dena glaciers by using NDSI index in 3 decades (1980-2010). By processing and interpreting satellite pictures during the above-mentioned years, we conclude that from 1987 up to 2010 the protected area has experienced major climate changes that in turn, have had remarkable impacts on glaciers and ecosystem of West-Dena protected area.

The theory and applications of integral equations, or, as it is often called , of the inversion of integrals, have come suddenly into prominence and have held during the last three century in the attention of mathematicians. The theory of integral equations may be regarded as dating back at least as far as the discovery by Fourier of the theorem concerning integrals which bears his name; for, though this was not the point of view of Fourier, this theorem may be regarded as a statement of the solution of a certain integral equations.

Acoustic parameters of chemicals and the relationship among these parameters is the recent, innovative and informative area in interdisciplinary fields of Physics and Chemistry. In this research various parameters like adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, Wada constant, Rao constant and their relations are observed at variable frequencies. Thus comparison of these parameters is made between Alkali halides with variable normality at different frequencies. The said parameters are measured using Ultrasonic interferometer working at 1 M Hz and 3 M H

Solanaceae members used for medicinal purposes were collected through questionnaire and personal interviews during field trips. Atotal of 15 plant species are documented in this study. The medicinal plants used by tribal are listed with botanical name, family, local name, parts used, mode of preparation and administration. The documented medicinal plants were mostly used to cure skin disease, poison bites, stomachache and nervous disorder, cough, fever, body pain, jaundice, rheumatism, dysentery and headache. The important family plants used by them are Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum annuum, Nicotiana tobaccum, Datura stramonium, Datura fastrousa, Physalis minima, Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum xanthocarpum, Solanum melongena, Solanum torvum, Withania somnifera, Solanum trilobatum, Solanum virgianum, Solanum tuberosum and Solanum nigrum. This study used by the treatment of primary healthcare

Rice had been cultivated and threshed by feet in ancient period. But in modern period, Rice has been threshed with the help of machines. Almost 30000 modern rice mills existed in 1998-99 out of 30000 modern rice mill, there were approximately 5000 modern rice mills, which were well equipped with all kinds of facilities. Whereas 100 modern rice mills were working on changing the white color into the other.

The organizational culture can be one of the most important factors in deciding the success or failure of a large corporation, but it is also one of the hardest things to change about a company since by its very definition organizational culture is shared throughout the entire company. The aim of the study is to find how the sound organizational culture can affect the overall performance of the organization. Data is collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. Non probability sampling has been used with the sample size of 80. The study shows that there is a positive relationship between the organizational culture and the employee job performance. The paper concludes that the culture should be more participative. This will lead to transparency in the organization. Cross cultural issues should be given more emphasis.

Present study is aimed to elucidate the adverse effects of NaCl on growth and metabolism and its amelioration by CaCl .The physiological studies were made to 2 examine the effect of 75mM NaCl stress and its amelioration by 10 mM CaCl and the 2 combination of 75 mM NaCl with 10 mM CaCl during seed germination and seedling 2 growth fr om 2nd to 8th day after sowing at interval of 2 days . The physiological parameters include changes in the proline , glycine betaine contents and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase were studied in the seedlings.

As life is a continuous process of adjustment defined as life skills, this study investigates the effect of levels of Emotional Intelligence on the overall Adjustment in Adolescents. For this purpose, total 100 students ranged from 13 to 19 years were selected. They were given Adjustment Inventory by M.N.Palsane (University of Pune) and Emotional Intelligence Scale by Asst.Prof. Anukul Hyde. In this study, it has been found that students having above average level of Emotional Intelligence have a Better overall adjustment level. Results indicated that girls have a significantly higher Emotional intelligence and better overall adjustment to boys.

During the past few decades home environment had identified as being a contributing factor in a child's educational, cognitive and affective development. Family being the first and major agency of socialization has great influence and bearing on the development of the child.The present study is based on a sample of one hundred sixty male students drawn from senior secondary schools of Jammu. It was planned to assess the relationship between home environment and academic achievement of children of class XI. Misra's Home Environment Inventory Scale was used to assess the quality of home environment and academic achievement was ascertained with the help of report cards of students and other school records. The results revealed that there is consistent relationship between home environment and students' academic achievement. On applying Pearson's coefficient correlation no significant relationship found in Control, Punishment , Conformity, Social Isolation an , Deprivation of privileges , Rejection , Permissiveness and academic achievement . But a significant relationship found in Protectiveness, Reward and, Nurturance and Academic Achievement.

BALMAJURI HE EK.......

Science plays an important role in each and every sphere of ours lives. The word science comes from the Latin word 'Scientia' that means to know. The fundamental activity of science is making careful observation through controlled experimentation. The progress of a country is measured on the basis of the parameter that to what extent it is developed in the field of sciences, use of natural resources and better living conditions etc. are all given by the proper use of science.

This research focused on students learning style of mathematic by examining how Bugis-Makassar culture influences the students' perspective towards learning Mathematics.Senior High School students were observed closely. The study was undertaken from a constructivist perspective of learning according to which students' learn through active participation in the construction of knowledge (Glasersfeld, 1995). This was a significant in the context of mathematics learning style in Makassar which apply the traditional cultural value “ siri'napa'ce” (very high motivation and spirit) (Abidin, 1983). Key findings of the study were that the students' learning style on mathematic are dominated by activist and pragmatist. It means that the students have high responsibility, spirit and motivation in solving the problem in Bugis-Makassar philosophy. The study also provides some useful insights into the sequence of teaching and learning mathematic by integrating traditional cultural in the classroom.

From the centuries ago, travelers like Huein Tsung visited India. They try to know about this country, the society, the government, the people, the culture, etc. They also wrote about this country. Masaaki Fukunaga the author of the book Society, Caste and Factional Politics. Conflict and continuity in Rural India – is also belong to continues the same lineage of the travelers from east who visited India. There may or may not be sociological importance to the writings of the ancient foreign travelers who visited India like Huein Tsung. Their writings about the India may be just like a Traveler's diary. But Fukunaga had made a typical sociological study of Rural India. Particularly village Politics and the factions, conflicts, casteism formed due to the politics.

Co-operation is a form of organization where in persons voluntarily associate together on the basis of equality for the promotion of their economic interest. Under this system people with limited means are benefited much. “Each for all and all for each” is the philosophy and principal of Co-operation. Commonly known as Primary Agricultural Co-operative Credit Societies may be started with ten or more than ten persons normally belongs to a village. The value of each share is generally nominal so as to enable even the poorest farmers to become a member. Primary Agricultural Cooperative Credit Societies are the grass root level arms of the short term co-operative credit structure. Primary Agricultural Co-operative Credit Societies deal directly with farmer borrowers and grants short and medium term loans and also undertake marketing and distribution functions.

The research mainly aims to identify factors influencing income smoothing among companies listed in Tehran stock exchange from 2008 to 2012 and factors influencing income smoothing. From one perspective, related elements of income smoothing; can be categorized as goals and motives, tools, and influencing factors. If income smoothing behaviour be observed in an economic environment, one of the questions raised is what factors can be effective in this phenomenon. This research addresses factors influencing income smoothing among Iranian listed companies in TSE. Although many factors can potentially be effective in this phenomenon, in this study the factors chosen are including: Debt to Equity ratio, Company Profitability ratio, Company Size, Financial leverage ratio. It based on the results of univariate analysis using the Mann-Whitney Test there are differences of Company Size, Profitability, and net profit margin of companies that engage in the practice of income smoothing with no income smoothing practice. On multivariate analysis simultaneously on five independent variables, only company size variables significantly influence income smoothing..

Hotels are amongst the most visible and important aspects of a country's infrastructure. Hotel industry is a closely linked one to the tourism industry. A number of factors like promotion of tourism and rapid industrial progress have given a boost to hotels. The recent liberalization of trade and opening up of economy leading to revolutionary growth in this sector. With increasing globalization, career opportunities in this field are not only limited within the country but there are chains of hotels which operate internationally providing scope of a career abroad. It is a glamorous profession which has a bright future. With the growth of hotel industry propelled by foreign and domestic tourism and business travel, the demand for well trained quality personnel who communicate well in English language too has grown impressively.

The deadly unwanted and awkward events that happen in roads causing damage cumulating to serious injury or death of human beings unexpectedly or unknowingly are known as road accidents. Increasing population along with gradual transformation in socio-economic spectrum of inhabitants of Assam have been the key cause responsible for steep rise in the number of motor vehicles on the roads and which in turn results in frequent road accidents leading to huge number of injuries and deaths. In fact, when the state has witnessed population growth of 18.92 per cent during 1991-2001, the growth of motor vehicles has been as high as 149.23 per cent during the same period. The growth of motor vehicles has also been significantly high in the state (128.67 per cent during 1995-2005).The incidence rates of injuries and deaths due to road accidents, however markedly vary across the state depending on a variety of factors.

The deadly unwanted and awkward events that happen in roads causing damage cumulating to serious injury or death of human beings unexpectedly or unknowingly are known as road accidents. Increasing population along with gradual transformation in socio-economic spectrum of inhabitants of Assam have been the key cause responsible for steep rise in the number of motor vehicles on the roads and which in turn results in frequent road accidents leading to huge number of injuries and deaths. In fact, when the state has witnessed population growth of 18.92 per cent during 1991-2001, the growth of motor vehicles has been as high as 149.23 per cent during the same period. The growth of motor vehicles has also been significantly high in the state (128.67 per cent during 1995-2005).The incidence rates of injuries and deaths due to road accidents, however markedly vary across the state depending on a variety of factors.

Organizational culture is a unique identity of an organization. It exists in all companies. Author Edgar Schein states “Culture is both a dynamic phenomenon that surrounds us at all times, being constantly enacted and created by our interactions with others and shaped by leadership behavior, and a set of structures, routines, rules, and norms that guide and constrain behavior.” (Schein, 2004). This paper looks at different aspects of organizational culture including its concepts, definitions, its importance and components. A brief review of some tools used by the various researchers to assess organizational culture is also included.

Tiwari and Bansal (1994) from a sample of 885 girls of four different places of UP selected only 100 effective samples on the basis of marks obtained by them in UP Board examination. On the basis of their marks 50 girls were treated as high achievers and 50 other were low achievers. Their self-concept was measured. High achievers exhibited superiors self concept as compared to the self-concepts exhibited by low achievers

Kamala Markandaya's A Handful of Rice is jolt to awaken the society to the plight of the rural people. Ravi, the protagonist of this novel, is caught in the maelstrom of change, in the transition from the tradition-bound rural society to the machine-ridden, materialistic urban milieu. The novel deals with hunger & poverty and consequent degeneration of human values. The modern man given to money and machine, hypocrisy and corruption suffers from melancholy and mal-adjustment, emotional and psychological instability. Skepticism, Surreptiously increased due to extreme paucity of faith: (Sharma 1986:73), for, “Man ceases to have faith even in his own self' (Sharma 1985:30) Ravi searches for a world where he can breathe freely, society where he earn his livelihood. He struggles hard to find a place in society, but due to socio-economic pressures he is pushed back to his ill assorted destiny.

The impact assessment is a continuous process to help the policy makers to think and understand the consequences of intervention in public sector. It is also a tool to enable the government to present the relevant data on evidences of positive and negative effects of interventions by reviewing the impact of the programme after it has been implemented( Finstar Busch,2002,). The planners and decision makers have recognized a need for better understanding the social consequences of projects, programs and policies. In response to this several organizations have formed a group of social scientists for Social Impact Assessment (SIA), with the purpose of outlining a set of guidelines and principles that will assist agencies in fulfilling their objectives.

The Indian Farmer borrows year after year but he is not in a position to clear off the loans, either because the loans are larger or because his agricultural output is not large enough to pay off his debt. Therefore, the debt of the farmer goes on increasing and this is what is known as rural indebtedness. there is a well known saying in the country "The Indian Farmer is born in debt, lives in debt and dies in debt."

The share of agriculture in the aggregate economy of India has declined rapidly during the planned development of the country. India is still the country with the poorest people on our globe: of India's 742 million these live in rural areas. Most people in rural areas of India depend directly or indirectly on farming for their livelihood.

India is a developing country; near about 65% of population depends upon the agriculture sector, which is a back bone of Indian economy. However the scenario of Indian agriculture has changed since last two decades on one hand the cost of production in agriculture is increasing on the other hand farmers are not able to cover the cost of production from sale, so the farmers are suffering from debt trap & this ultimately inducing to commit suicide. In India number of states is facing the problem of farmer's suicide.

'aashaya vishleshan' he ek nishchit svarupachi......

In India, even though the progress is notable, the annual rate of MMR decline is less than half of what is needed to achieve the MDG5 target. A little bit of care and awareness is sufficient to prevent this tragedy. Place of delivery and person who conducted child delivery are an important indicator in monitoring progress towards MDG5. With this perspective, present study with an objective to find out delivery practices among Indian Muslims. Data were drawn from 30944 Muslim women who reported information about their last delivery at DLHS-3.

With the accelerated industrial development, the priorities of the business enterprises have also been changing. Now, more and more emphasis has been given to protection of interests involved in the operation of the enterprises. The business is now required to watch the interests of its stake holders, viz., employees, consumers, shareholders, general public and the government. The traditional objective of profit maximization is no longer valid so long as the primary utility of a business entity as representing and safeguarding the interests are well taken care of. Now the business enterprises re under pressure from its stake holders to report to them, as to what extent it has been successful or otherwise in safeguarding their interests

The India–Pakistan rivalry has been punctuated by recurring militarized crises, four of which have resulted in wars.1 The enormous costs of this dysfunctional relationship have been obvious since the blood-letting that accompanied partition; today there is the added risk of a nuclear catastrophe.

The purpose of this study is to find out the profitability ratios of selected companies. The main objective of this study is to comparative analysis of profitability ratios of this two selected pharmaceutical companies. This paper consists of introduction, objective of the study, types of data, and profile of Cadila Healthcare Ltd and Alembic Pharmaceutical Ltd, analysis of different profitability ratio and finding and conclusions.

adivasi bhilali evm barela ke........

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. The rainfall of our country is dependent on the monsoons. Rainfall controls our agriculture. But the agriculture of our country is said to be, "the gambling of the monsoon" as the monsoon rainfalls are uncertain, irregular and uneven or unequal. So irrigation is essential for agriculture. When our country got freedom, there was provision of irrigation only in 17 per cent of the total farm lands. More attention was paid to irrigation in order to make the country self-sufficient in production of food-crops, as a result of which about 37 per cent of the total farm lands have been provided with irrigational facility by now. The 10th and 11th Five Year Plan have proposed to invest a sum of

Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. There are a number of reasons for global climate change, examples of which include the increased intensity of solar energy or the cyclicality of Earth's temperatures, volcanism, oceanic circulation cycles, biosphere impact, ultraviolet radiation variability, reflectivity, rotational variation, solar systemic changes, galaxy positional variability, albedo, human influence and so on. The present paper analyse on the impacts of climate change on major crops in Tamil Nadu. It is observed from the study more that there is no impact of climate change on major crops. The major crops present a very little change in the productivity due to change in climate. Their co-efficient of variations are more or less uniform except for cotton the variation in cotton is observed in the latter half of the period of study. Its rise in productivity may due to the adoption of new technology in cultivation and the use of modern implements in agriculture. Thus climate change has no direct impact of major crops.

In the age of modern techniques for energy conservation & energy renewal, there are many areas in all parts of the world which are confronted with energy issues. Specially a state like Sikkim in a developing country like India, where most of the population is settled in remote areas of the Himalayan range & is still deprived of many technological benefits, needs to be studied carefully to draw a fruitful conclusion so that the study can prove helpful to everyone (public or govt.) in overcoming the issues. This paper studies the preference modes of renewable energy sources in a village “Tikpur” of Sikkim. Through this paper, a clear understanding of the fact that wood has always been & will always be the most suitable source of fuel for the concerned population. A calculation has been done to prove the fact using figures that due to the changing economy & price variation in LPG, the public of Tikpur prefers wood to gasifier & gasifier to LPG

Domestic violence constitutes as one of the most consistent, perpetual and unreported crimes against women, which is linked to their disadvantageous position in the society. Domestic violence can be defined as an act of physical, sexual, or psychological abuse, or the threat of such abuse, inflicted against a woman by a person intimately connected to her through marriage, or family relation and has its root in socio cultural set up of the society. The perpetrator of domestic violence is usually the male and victim is their sexual partners. Internationally, reports suggest that one in every three women have been beaten, coerced into intercourse or abused by member of her own family .

Time is money. This seems to be the mantra of success today. But the norms of our thinking are “we don't want to step twice in same river”. It can be avoidable, but the emerging industrial revolution is not allowing to do so. Hence, an effort is required to reduce these kinds of activities. One of the major constraints present in the manufacturing industries are managing the data flow between various departments. It is needed to follow a same loop until a requirement achieved. Here we are breaking the norm. By organizing frequently & controlling of the product information as it is created, a dedicated computer program is needed to record. To automate the various on process in the product life cycle to avoid the time delay. The program should accomplish in the ERP solution as well as CAD/CAM/CIM field irrespective of function. To succeed in the contemporary world we need the data explosion. It can be only achieved by managing the product data. Hence, the dedicated program is to be product data management. In this article, reviewed the concurrent engineering with respect to the product data management in the world.

pani jis bartan main jata hai..........

The country has the distinction of having some of the most comprehensive labour laws in the world, even while having one of the largest fractions of the working population is unprotected and under privileged. Labour legislations are protecting the interest of the labour and promoting the welfare of labour community in India. Modern states are welfare state; their motto is to achieve the happiness of workers. Labourers are pillars of production system. Without labourer we can't produce a single article in the economy. Providing basic facilities for workers is an obligatory duty of the state and enjoying the basic facilities of workers are fundamental rights of the labourer provided for in the Indian constitution. Labour legislation has grown up as one of the most important social institutions in India.

India is famous for its bronzes, but the most prolific production has been in the south, where some of the greatest masterpieces have been produced. 'Bronze' is a conventional term for metal images irrespective of the exact number of proportion of metals mixed in the amalgam out of which the images are cast.1 The bronzes are of two types namely hollow and solid, and most of the bronzes made in Tamilnadu are of solid type. The solid type bronzes are made by the cire perdu (lost wax) method. Accordingly, the bronze images are cast out of an alloy, composed of copper, brass, tin, silver and gold, the last one being very meagre in quantity. These bronzes occur in abundance, in the Tamil country and almost every temple in South India, especially in the Thanjavur district, has its own collection of bronzes.

Literature mirrors the contemporary society; it is the aesthetic representation of human feelings. Most of the modern literary works mark a reaction imposed by colonial powers. For centuries, the colonization forced the native people to despise their own history and culture and make a shift as indentured labours to foreign land. As a result they lost their homes, culture, relations, languages and their identity. V.S. Naipaul addresses questions of post colonial identity, rootlessness and homelessness. He focuses on the fragmentary. His narratives enact deep feelings of despair and melancholy in this age of technological advancement, militarism and essentialised ethnocentrisms.

In a representative democracy the governors are answerable to the governed for their actions and omissions. When democratic representatives perform well, they receive their public's support. But when they fail to discharge their responsibilities, they face opposition and criticism of the people.. It is not merely elections or universal adult franchise that defines the process of representative democracy. While the constitutional framework and human rights guarantees can form the grammar of democracy, it is always people and the ethical quality of the political process that make democracy work. Unfortunately, one of the tendencies of representative democracy is that it turns into the elective despotism of party government. This is because the elected representatives who run the federal and state governments do hardly need to go back to the electorate for every major decision, once the elections are over.

Sex composition is one of the significant demographic characteristics of population. In any population, distribution by sexes is generally unequal. The existing sex ratio in any area is determined by three basicfactors. These are sex ratio at the time of birth, differences in themortality rates of the two sexes, at different ages and differences inthe migratory ethos of the two sexes (Cleark, 1960). In all the demographic narratives the low sex ratios are taken as a stark indicator of the inferior position of women in India(Miller 1981; Basu 1992; Mayer 1999). Sex ratio is one of the important indicators of equity between sexes in society. The present study aimsto examine the spatial pattern and fluctuation of ruralurban sex ratio during 2001-2011.For the purpose of present study tahsil has been taken as a basic unit of investigation. The period selected for the present study is two decade from 2001-2011. The proposed study is entirely based on secondary data.Present analysis shows that males and females are unequal and also tahsilwise magnitude of rural-urban inequality varies in the study region. In fact, present rural –urban sex ratio shows opposite situation in 2011, compare to 2001 census. In 2001, we found rural sex ratio is higher than urban sex ratio, while in 2011, urban sex ratio is higher than rural sex ratio.

Concrete plays the key role and a large quantum of concrete is being utilized in every construction practices. Natural river sand is one of the key ingredients of concrete, is becoming expensive due to excessive cost of transportation from sources. Also large scale depletion of sources creates environmental problems. To overcome these problems there is a need of cost effective alternative and innovative materials. Quarry dust is a waste obtained during quarrying process. It has very recently gained good attention to be used as an effective filler material instead of fine aggregate. Also, the use of quarry dust as the fine aggregate decreases the cost of concrete production in terms of the partial replacement for natural river sand. Design mix of M25grade concrete with replacement of 0%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% of quarry dust organized as M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 respectively have been considered for laboratory analysis viz. slump test, compaction factor test, compressive strength ,split tensile strength and flexural strength of hardened concrete. In the present paper, the hardened properties of concrete using quarry dust were investigated.

Development of sugar industry in the state is progressive but after globalization support of state government is declining. So sugar industry in Maharashtra is facing to so many problems. Currently, sugarcane price is a burning problem in Maharashtra state. For the season 2009-2010 the central Govt. fixed Fair and Remunerative Price of Rs. 129.84 per quintal and for 4% incremental recovery rate F.R.P. will be 9.5% means recovery rate is base of Fair and Remunerative Price.

To ensure growth and development of any organization, the efficiency of people must be accounted in the right perspective. Normally the expenses for procurement, development and maintenance of human resources are treated as revenue expenditure. In the contemporary days some of the Indian companies have realized the real value of human resource and these expenses are incurred for the future benefit and should be capitalized and reflected in the balance sheet. Hence an attempt is made to analyze the Human Resource accounting disclosure in selected Indian companies. 20 companies were selected for the study, out of that only 6 companies (3 Public and 3 Private sector companies) were following Human Resource Accounting and Independent't' test was used to find the difference in the disclosure of Human Resource variables in selected Indian companies.

The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of yogic exercises on Agility, abdominal strength and flexibility test of middle school children. The subjects were to randomly selected from 7th 8th and 9th classes of Bhagwandas Purohit Vidya Mandir, Nagpur. The date was collected before and after six weeks of experimental period. The subjects were given shuttle run test for Agility, sit-ups test for abdominal strength and sit and Reach test for flexibility before and after six weeks of experimental period. The subjects were divided randomly into two groups A and B. Each group consisted of 25 subjects. Group A underwent a programme of selected yogic exercises were as group B was control group. Group A followed there programme of instruction for a period of six weeks. Training was carried out for there days per weeks. Mean difference of all the two groups A and B were tested for significance of difference by 't' test. In group A the mean gain in all the three variables were founded statistically significance at .05 level of confidence.

Sol-gel auto combustion method is used to synthesize the rare earth Gd3+ incorporated Mn-Cr-Fe nanocrystalline powder. The synthesized powder samples were annealed at 600 ºC for 4 h. X-ray diffraction data were used to evaluate the structure of the prepared samples. X-ray diffraction pattern shows the presence of Gd3+ ions. Rare earth Gd3+ ions form the secondary phase as evidenced by the X-ray diffraction pattern. Lattice constant (a), X-ray density (d ), Crystallite size (D ), hopping lengths (L and x XRD A L ), allied parameters such as tetrahedral and octahedral bond length (d and d ), B Ax Bx tetrahedral edge, shared and unshared octahedral edge (d , dBXE and d ) were AXE BXEU calculated were calculated using X-ray diffraction data. Hopping lengths and allied parameters varied with Gd3+ incorporation.

Indian Freedom Movement is replete with a number of nationalistic episodes and exhibits the patriotism, unity, courage and sacrifice of the India people. Amidst of British suppression, thousands and thousands of people took part in the movement for the Indian freedom. Many sacrificed their lives, a lot bore unbearable torture and oppression and innumerable spent their lives behind the prison bars. The people of Tanjore region, awakened by patriotism participated in the salt satyagraha organized under the leadership of C. Rajagopalachari in 1930. This exposed the sentiments of them against the British, which need to be brought to limelight. With this purpose and aim this research article has been attempted.

Quality in health care institutions is different from other organisations because the service, i.e. the patient care, is a multifaceted and multidimensional service and is delivered personally to the customer (the patient) by the doctors, nurses and other staff. Further, because of its role in improving the efficiency of care as well as lowering the cost of treatment in the long run, it is the single most important factor affecting the satisfaction of patients.

New Bidentate Shiff’s base ligands, 4-hydroxy-3-(1-(pyridinylimino)ethyl)-2H-chromen-2-one and 4-hydroxy-3-(1-(methylpyridine-2-ylimino)ethyl)-2H-chromen-2-one were synthesized by condensation of amino pyridines with 3-acetyl-4-hydroxychroman-2-one. These were characterized by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectral analysis. Synthesized Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes characterized by their mass, IR, electronic and XRD spectral analysis. Magnetic moments and molar conductance properties were studied using standard methods. Octahedral geometry around these metal ions has been proposed on the basis of magnetic and spectral studies. In vitro biological screening effects of the investigated compounds were tested against the fungal species Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium moneliforme and Aspergillus flavus by the posion plate method. A comparative study of inhibition values of the Schiff base ligands and their complexes indicates that the complexes exhibit higher antimicrobial activity than the free ligands.

Human resource management and accounting is growing rapidly. The target of this discover is to study present vision on the significance of human resource accounting (HRA) data to the capital market in India. The paper is by method of works review. It reviews the empirical research literature from disparate methodological strands and synthesizes the findings to provide facts on the impact/importance/usefulness of HRA from a capital markets perspective. Importance of HRA data has been examined employing assorted research methods encompassing capital markets research, experimentations, face-to-face interviews, content analysis of analyst reports and questionnaire surveys. These studies provide evidence on the usefulness/importance of HRA information. Also, facts from HR disclosure studies on initial public offering prospectuses sheds light on observed significance of kinds of HRA data to the capital market. Though, there is a scope for more research to refine the present understanding of the significance of HRAto the capital market. By studying and fusing the literature, this research provides a significant source of acknowledgement for upcoming researchers and strategy makers who desire to devise guidelines for HR describing to larger encounter the data needs of capital market actors. It additionally highlights upcoming research directions.

nari ke prati samman ki matra ko samaj ki...........

An optical sensor consists of many optical components. In some sensors surface finish plays a major role in the performance of sensor. High performance sensors require highly polished and smooth surfaces. Average roughness of the surfaces has to be around couple of angstroms. Scattering of light from the surface indicates the roughness. In sensors like Ring Laser Gyroscopes, back scattering is major problem as its results in lock-in of the counter rotating laser beams. Surfaces here should not scatter. There is a need to measure the scattering and quantify. We propose to develop techniques to quantify scattering. A laser beam is made to fall on the surface and images of surface under test will be captured at different angles. Scattering centers will be identified and the same are marked on the image of the surface. Image processing is carried out with mat lab.

The objective of present study was to investigate whether effect of everyday yogic practice on selected physiological variables of school boys. Thirty healthy, above weight untrained boys were selected from Pondicherry and their age ranged between 14 to 16 years. The subjects were equally divided into two groups namely experimental group and control groups. The experimental groups underwent yoga practice for forty five minutes duration in selected asana, pranayama and meditation, for ten weeks except Sunday. Control group was kept under control without any training. BMI and respiratory pressure were measured through scientific physiological instruments. Prior to and at the end of practice period all the subjects were tested on selected physiological variables. The results of pre and post test were statistically treated by using analysis of variance. To find out the impact of yogic practice on selected physiological variables the 'F' ratio test value was statistically analysed and tested for significant difference at 0.05 level of confidence.

The enactments of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and Right to Information Act are certainly significant achievements in the history of India. These acts provide a broad spectrum of fundamental rights to people of India towards shaping their own polity and society. Right to information Act has revolutionized the concept of democratic governance substantially. Consequently when Mahatma Gandhi NREGA was enacted by Indian Parliament in 2005 August, RTI was made as an integral part of the Act. It is envisaged that Mahatma Gandhi NREGA will be meaningless without appropriate use of RTI because RTI can check corruption and leakage of public funding on Mahatma Gandhi NREGA in an effective manner. The paper elaborates the scope of RTI Act in the implementation of Mahatma Gandhi NREGA.

Handloom industry is perhaps the most important one, among the hundreds of small scale and cottage arts and crafts that have survived in the present day in India. The present study concentrates on the awareness level and socio demographic profile of the handloom weavers of Jaipur district. The variables like housing, income, education, assets, child and mother mortality were analyzed to derive the socio demographic status. The study reflected the overall low level of awareness among the weavers on various aspects of cooperative society and government programmes. Analyses of socio demographic status scale depicts 56 percent respondents belonged to average category. This study further suggests various steps to strengthen the productivity of the weavers.

Objectives: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from rhizome powder of Curcuma longa L. a medicinal plant. Material and methods: 10 ml of rhizome powder extract was mixed to 90 ml of 5 mM aqueous of Ag(NO3)2 and was heated at 60-800C for 20 min. The colour change of aqueous solution from yellow to dark brown colour was observed. Characterization using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and AFM. Results: AFM, UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed the formation of silver nanoparticles with spherical shape and average size 46.60 nm. Conclusion: Rhizome powder of Curcuma longa L. is good source for synthesis of nano based medicine.

Efficient market is good for the economy from investment point of view, it boost confidence of the investors and also help in the price discovery of the assets. On the other hand, prevalent of illegal insider trading cause loss of faith of the investors and is detrimental to the interest of the market. Despite strict regulation, illegal Insider trading is prevalent all over the world, in all size of companies and in all types of instruments like equity, debt, mutual funds, derivatives, IPO etc. Regulators find it difficult to curb it as the line between legal and illegal insider trading is very thin . Insider trading is still rampant in India and cases of insider trading have increased in recent past. This paper comprehensively deals with the different implications of the insider trading as well as the efficacy of the existing regulatory mechanism in the shape of SEBI (Prevention of Insider Trading) Regulation Act, 1992 to deal with this problem.

In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on different outlier detection methods and their applications. We provide definitions of outliers and discuss their detection based on supervised and unsupervised learning . While clustering algorithms discard the outliers as noisy, but in general these outliers are having important applications like fraud detection, intrusion detection and health care monitoring system.

Devadasi means a female servant of God. In the word of Dr.S.Muthulakshmi Reddy, a devadasi was an unmarried Hindu female who had undergone the ceremony of a marriage with an idol either in Hindu temple or located anywhere. The ceremony was dedication. Devadasis were adept not only in dance, but also in music, literature and aharya (make-up and costume). Devadasi's life revolved around the temple through the ages. The dancing took place in front of the image of God and occasionally outside, when the idol was carried out in a ceremonial procession. Local potentates , kings, zamindars, and landlords were the benefactors of temples and it was a matter of pride for them to have the most talented Devadasis in temples under their patronage Some devadasis became the concubines of the rich land lords and temple trustees. In their family functions, the presence of devadasi concubines was felt necessary and there they were given proper respect also.The power and wealth of temples and devadasis in heyday are legendry. When the Royal patronage was ended and the Zamindars lost their influence, the Devadasis began to suffer economically and their social status began to denigrate. The Devadasis from the beginning of the Twentieth Century began to slowly lose their hold on society. With the emergence of ports and industrial towns, , the old temple towns lost their importance. Alongside brothels, had come up in cantonments, port towns, and in Presidency capitals. The mergence of the women movement affected the immoral ways of Devadais. Thus The abolition of the Devadasi system was sought through legislation and in the in the first half of the Twentieth Century, the system was put an end in Tamil Nadu. There were some devadasis in regions like Pudukkottai practicing their art and contributing their mite to cultural development. However , chronicled history conclusively established these temple dancers' immense contribution towards defining and channelizing Bharatha Natyam. The Devadasi dance was nurtured by the Isai Vellala Community in the Past and in the first half of the Twentieth Century it was nourished by the Brahmin Community Girls and in the Post-Independent period it developed as 'Bharta Natyam' in which irrespective religion, race and caste all community people sincerely involved. Anyhow, the devadasi family members of yesryears , still are livingas as legend figures of 'Bharata Natyam’

Veshyavruti sabhi deshon main adikal se..........

The present paper focuses on the description of 'Father Figure' in the poetry of Sylvia Plath and Kamala Das. As Confessional poets Sylvia Plath and Kamala Das have described father figure in their various poems. Electra complex is a term coined by Sigmund Freud to denote the opposite of Oedipus complex

upernaturalism is something that is above and beyond what is natural; events which cannot be directly explained by known laws and observations. Exploration of the occult (supposedly supernatural or magic) and of infinity, mysticism, and numerology (study of the supposed influence of number) are some other manifestation of the intense desire of man to know what exists or lies beyond the finite mind. Imaginative and inventive fiction and poetry have been created upon this appeal.

Devices like walking sticks, walkers, crutches, artificial limbs are in use for improving the mobility of orthopedically disabled persons. It is disheartening to note that about twenty million people in India are disabled of which about ten million are orthopedically disabled, Elderly people have the difficulty of walking longer distances without support.. The development of this multipurpose crutch is simple facilitating easy manufacture and assembly. Various concepts were generated to meet the requirement of the problem. These concepts were evaluated based on important criteria using a concept scoring matrix and the modular design concept, which scored high, was selected for development. The detailed design and optimization was carried out for selected concept using the solid modeling software.

Test identification parade in an important fact of criminal justice system specifically when accused is not previously known to the eye witness. The term used in police investigation is 'test identification' i.e. a process by which the identity of persons, things or animals concerned in the offence under investigation or trial is established through a test parade. The witness whoever, that they have seen the accused or his articles or weapons during the commission of the offence, are asked to identify such accused or suspect by picking them out from among a number of persons or such articles or animals, or a bunch of articles or animals of the same kind. Test identification parade is conducted as soon as possible after happening of a criminal offence so that the eye witness who does not know the accused can identify the correct or right culprit .The credibility and reliability of the eye witness is also examined openly in the whole parade process.

Music plays a vital role in the life of men. The sound that evolves out of music gives a sensual feeling in every person due to its sublime effect. In the words of Sir Hurber Perry, “ the very fact of musical utterance, implies a genuine expansion of the nature of the human being and is in a varying degree a trustworthy revelation of the particular likings, tastes, and sensibilities of the being that gives vent to it." This being the significance and importance of music, the music that evolved and developed in each country has its own historical, socio, cultural background basing on its evolution and practices. This paper is an attempt to study subtly the origins of Indian Music in the early periods especially that of the ancient and Vedic periods.

Teachers are the backbone of the education system that creates the most important knowledge source in society. Therefore, our schools must have high quality teachers because only enlightened, emancipated and empowered teachers can lead our society and the nation towards progress. In our school education system, the most critical component is the availability of sufficient number of qualified teachers. Shockingly, 36 per cent of all sanctioned teaching posts are vacant and among the recruited ones, 6.7 lakh teachers are professionally unqualified and untrained. Among this vast pool of the teachers, 45 per cent have not studied beyond the 12th grade. The professional competence can be gauzed from the fact that high percentage of 91 and 93 per cent of the teacher candidates could not qualify the National Teacher Eligibility Test conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education in 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively. This problem has reached to such a situation because teacher recruitment in most states remained frozen for many years, leading to sub-optional solutions such as hiring para teachers with different nomenclature and lower salary to override fiscal constraints. President Pranab Mukherjee said India had a large proportion of young population and we should to harness its potential. If we fail to channelize their productive energies, it may visit us with terrible and negative consequences. Pointing out the vacancy of teachers in central universities was around 38 per cent. President said we cannot expect to impart quality education without teachers who are equipped to provide guidance to students.

VASTUTHA TULNATMAK........

Streptokinase a fibrinolytic enzyme is very effective in treating acute myocardial infarction and it is certainly more cost-effective. In view of the relatively recent availability of the competing recombinant tPA, skepticism is being expressed about the continued viability of streptokinase therapy. Despite this research on streptokinase continues, and it remains a vital and affordable therapy especially in the world's poorer healthcare systems. Our present study focuses on the production of streptokinase from Streptococcus pyogenes species and partial purification of streptokinase by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and column chromatography. The enzyme is quantified by Lowry's method and its electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight were determined by SDS-PAGE.

This study investigated the effect of the teaching practice on science teaching efficacy beliefs among 340 Nigerian preservice basic science teachers from three different universities within the blueprint of one-group pre-treatment, post-treatment quasi-experimental research design. In this study, Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (STEBI-B) was used to collect data. Results of the study indicated that the preservice basic science teachers had high self-efficacy beliefs regarding science teaching. More so, teaching practice did have significant effect on preservice basic science teachers' science teaching efficacy beliefs although gender had no significant effect on preservice basic science teachers' science teaching efficacy beliefs.

The nutritional status of a mother and child can be used as an indicator of poverty situation of an area. Poverty can not be defined solely as a lack of financial income, but rather as a lack of access to basic resources such as food, water, and health care, a good living environment, education and cultural life. Nutritional status mother and child is directly influenced by food intake and infectious diseases which in turn is influenced by poverty-related factors such as access to safe water, health care, educational level, living environment, etc.. In this context the present study was carried out in Indira Nagar Area, Bellary, Karnataka, India under the title “A Study on health and nutritional status of mothers and their children health in BPL Families”. Simple random method was used to collect data and total 50 respondents were covered in the present study.

The Computer technology has expanded the scope for criminal Activities in the form of cyber crimes which are different from conventional crimes in their nature and scope. The origin of cyber crimes is be found in growing dependence on computers in modern life in 21 century when everything from microwave ovens and refrigerators to nuclear plats being run by computers, cyber crime has assured semester application . The introduction of new digital information and communications technologies has given birth to new types of crimes; these crimes are commonly known as cyber crimes. A set of legal domain has to develop to deal with this type of crime called information and communication technology law or more fashionable cyber law. In this article I tried to explore various cyber crimes and their classification.

In recent years, Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been a popular topic of debate in the field of management. It has been praised as a successful predictor of job performance. Many organizations are recognizing the importance of EI at their workplace as well as in job performance. Emotional Intelligence is the ability to understand ones emotions and inspire, influence and understand other people's emotions. At workplace the individuals have to deal with social teams, friends, high profile people, leaders, a boss and more. The best way to be effective in taking quick and effective decisions is to use emotions. EI is the set of abilities that helps to get along in life with other people in all kinds of situations. Emotional intelligence was found to be positively associated with work experience.

A market performs the specialized type of function - retail and wholesale marketing or both is very important aspect in classified markets. Skinner (1964-65) has classification based on size and function of market centres. Scott (1972) has noted that any classification which attempts to be all inclusive must include market orientation, function and periodicity. Gupta (1979), Tamaskar (1981), Singh (1980) have made a detailed analysis of periodic markets and regulated markets system in India. Generally the market centre which have both functions retail and wholesale will tend to be a larger market, attracting both buyers and sellers by mere virtue furnishing two kinds of exchange system. In a wholesale system the market orientation is vertical, on the contrary, the retail market orientation is horizontal. In the present study rural market centres have been classified in four types (i) the market centres which have neither main yard nor sub yard but are periodic markets with less than 4000 population (ii) market centres which have no main yard and no sub yard but periodic markets are there with more than 4000 population. (iii) Market centres which have sub yards of regulated markets. (iv) Market centres having main yards regulated markets.

he Gupta Empire was ruled by members of the Gupta dynasty from around 320 to 550 AD and covered most of North-central India, Gupta Empire (never included Pakistan); and what is now western India and Bangladesh. The time of the Gupta Empire is referred to as Golden Age of India in science, mathematics, astronomy, religion and philosophy. Historians place the Gupta dynasty alongside with the Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Roman Empire as a model of a classical civilization. Most probably the Guptas is that the Guptas came from Bengal. At the beginning of the 4th century the Guptas ruled a few small Hindu kingdoms in Magadha and around modern-day Uttar Pradesh

Through meta-analysis, this study was to analyze the relationship between the lack of Educational Technology Experts /Technologists at schools or universities and the use of Educational Technology in teachinglearning process by Teachers and University Professors in Iran. This paper would contribute to the body of knowledge regarding to the studies on “Obstacles in Using Educational Technology in the process of teaching and learning in the Educational System of Iran”. After an extensive search for relevant published and unpublished studies, from 1993 to 2009, 51 studies were found and out of them 3 research studies with inferential statistics were chosen. The results indicated that the lack of Educational Technology Experts /Technologists at schools and universities had enough influence on not using Educational Technology by Teachers and Professors and it was an obstacle for using Educational Technology in the process of teaching-learning

This study aims to measure the investors' perception and attitude towards Indian stock market with reference to the investors in Tamilnadu. This research is descriptive research study in nature. It is going to measure the variables which influencing the investors' perception and attitude towards Indian stock market. So, this descriptive research is applicable for this. Convenient sampling technique was adopted. Universe of this study was infinite in nature. So, it is appropriate to apply non-probability sampling. Trail survey was used to select the sample size (SD of population is .359) of 200, measuring internal and construct validity and reliability of the instrument be ingested. Based on the pilot study, researcher infers that the standard deviation of the population is low. Major findings of this study include, Income has significant impact on frequency of trading in stock market, selection of mode of trading and selection of market segments. Age and income has significant impact on taking exposure. Forty six functional variables are used in this study to measure investors' perception and attitude. These variables have explained72% influence on measuring investor perception and attitude.

shiksha jivan nirman ki kala hai............

An efficient and green method for synthesis of imidazole containing indole nucleus has been achieved by the reaction between 3-bromoacetyl indole, aniline, various aldehydes and ammonium acetate using PEG-400 as a recyclable reaction medium at room temperature. The method is simple, efficient and environmental benign. The compounds obtained are in excellent yield with high purity by easy work up.

The present study aims at finding out the self-concept of a person in the development of his personality. Self concept comprise of personal evaluation of one's characteristics, capacities, aspirations, achievement. To study self concept a total of 150 students in the in rural and urban area in the district of Yavatmal with 50 students of Science stream 50 students of Commerce stream and 50 for art stream. Select of sample for choose simple random sampling technique. The data was obtained through self concept scale by self constructed. Result indicated that there is significant difference between self concept of art science & commerce faculty students.

Thy right is to work only; but never to the fruit thereof. Be thou not producer of the fruits of (thy) actions; neither let attachment be towards inaction (second canto). In this shloka it is mentioned that every person does his work from his birth till the end of his life.

The relevance of Satyagraha invokes a mixed reaction amongst intellectuals. If some regard the Gandhian concept of Satyagraha as the most creative way to resolve conflicts and contradictions in a social system, others seriously doubt its efficacy as a means of obtaining redress for social and political wrongs. There are many who blame Gandhi and his theory of Satyagraha for all the contemporary problems of India and there are those who stress that many of the contemporary tensions in the Indian political system are not due to the Gandhian teachings but because of the failure of those who after the death of Gandhi have led the people in the name of Gandhi. Such debatable impressions are often produced when the study of Gandhian technique of Satyagraha at its operational level is cut off from its conceptual moorings1.

In this paper an emphasis given on the agricultural problems and prospectus of Yeola taluka which is located in Nashik district of Maharashtra state. The rainfall in this taluka is under the influence of south-west monsoon. There are twelve drought prone zones in Maharashtra, where Yeola is in the rain shadow zone and also included in one of the drought prone area of Nashik district. There is uneven distribution of rainfall in this study area. Drought is the one of the prominent problem in study area. Topography, soil, and scarcity of water are the broad limits to the development of agriculture. The population of this region is mainly engaged in primary activity i.e. agriculture. The socio-economic status of this area is primly bound to agriculture.

Agriculture is the dominant sector of Indian economy, which determines the growth and sustainability. About 65 per cent of the population still relies on agriculture for employment and livelihood. The growth target for agriculture in the 12th Five Year Plan is estimated to be 4 per cent. In addition to growth in total output, agriculture in India has shown an increase in average agricultural output per hectare in last 60 years. The table below presents average farm productivity in India over three farming years for some crops. Improving road and power generation infrastructure, knowledge gains and reforms has allowed India to increase farm productivity between 40% to 500% over 40 years. India's recent accomplishments in crop yields while being impressive, are still just 30% to 60% of the best crop yields achievable in the farms of developed as well as other developing countries. The total planned expenditure for the Ministry of Agriculture has increased considerably to Rs 27,049 crore (US$ 4.98 billion) in the Union Budget 2013- 14. The outlay is 22 per cent over the revised estimates of the year 2012-13.